But that's kind of the problem. There are so many resources, and they all disagree with each other, and many of them are old and cover environments which no longer exist or are deprecated, or do still exist but the details on where to get them and how to use them are grossly out of date.
That's very true! And this is indeed the downside of having so many choices right at hand today. *sigh*
The issue here is not 'how do I bring up a C programming environment on Windows', but 'which of the many such choices is actually appropriate for building RnD; and then, how do I fire it up, since the answers are going to be different for MingWhatev vs MS C vs ???'
And I do agree that the devil is in the detail, which you have properly named here (at least some of them).
The most important one is indeed that "MS C" is really not a very good C compiler (although it is said to be a very good C++ compiler, but that's a totally different story when you want to program in pure C), and I know that you can run into problems if you try to use that C compiler to compile R'n'D (because it does not fully support C99, which R'n'D uses). And then one has to know that there's a C compiler for Windows out there that's called "MinGW".
So I've just tried the following to get started with that C compiler on Windows 10:
Enter the above, but slightly modified query into Google:
"how do I bring up a mingw C programming environment on Windows 10"
This got me a "People also ask: How to setup MinGW on Windows 10?" right at the start of the results page.
This in turn got me the following YouTube video right below that alternative question, as the first result:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KayVZq1a58
This is for Wondows 11, not 10, but this should not make that big of a difference here (at least I hope so). I had a quick glance over that video, and it looks quite nice, doing just what I stated above: Install a C compiler, create a "hello.c" using Notepad, and compile it by manually invoking the C compiler on that file in a terminal window.
If you get that far, you are already close to what you want to do in the first place (compile R'n'D).
An even better and easier approach might still be to just install a Cygwin environment:
https://www.cygwin.com/
This got me running on Windows a long time ago, and I don't know if it still works that nicely as it did about 10 to 15 years ago. But this gets you a very complete Unix-like environment on Windows, and I successfully used that to "make" and "make run" R'n'D on a Windows netbook for some time to create, test and troubleshoot the Windows version of R'n'D (while nowadays I simply only use a cross-compiler and hope for the best

).
Maybe one of these two paths might work for Windows users who want to compile and run R'n'D from source code on Windows today!
I would be happy to hear if this works for any Windows user out there, and I will happily (try to) help out, if needed!
